They remain largely invisible unless you explore back alleys at night and see their lit windows below street level. Hundreds of thousands of people live semi-underground in Seoul, scattered around the city, according to government statistics. They live hand-to-mouth, one step away from becoming homeless. While younger banjiha occupants may dream of escape, many others are elderly or unemployed people who have all but abandoned hope for social mobility. “They live with constant fear that if things get any worse, they will be completely swallowed underground.” “It’s clearly a basement but people living there want to believe they belong to the above-the-ground world,” the director of “Parasite,” Bong Joon-ho, said last year at a news conference with South Korean media after his film was invited to the Cannes Film Festival. ‘Drive My Car’: In this quiet Japanese masterpiece, a widower travels to Hiroshima to direct an experimental version of Chekhov’s “Uncle Vanya.”.‘Passing’: Set in the 1920s, the movie centers on two African American women, friends from childhood, who can and do present as white.‘Spencer’: Kristen Stewart stars as an anguished, rebellious Princess Diana in Pablo Larraín’s answer to “The Crown.”.‘Summer of Soul’: Stevie Wonder, Mahalia Jackson, Mavis Staples and others shine in Questlove’s documentary about the Harlem Cultural Festival.

Scott and Manohla Dargis, selected their favorite movies of the year.

Kim said, he has “no plan” on where to go - just like the desperate family in “Parasite,” which became the first foreign-language movie to win the Academy Award for Best Film this month. Kim, a widower, said he was still “grateful that I have a roof over my head and a warm floor to rest on.” He fears the city will clear out his neighborhood in a few years to make room for more of the apartment towers that increasingly dominate Seoul’s skylines. “You end up in places like this when you have nowhere else to go,” said Mr. His late mother smiles from a portrait on the wall. This 320-square-foot abode, built partially underground, has been Mr. He wages a constant battle against cockroaches and the sewer smell emanating from the low-ceilinged, musty space that is his toilet and laundry room. Kim dries his clothes and shoes in the sunless inside because of thieves outside. When he opens his only window and looks up, he sees the wheels of passing cars. SEOUL, South Korea - The sunlight peeks into Kim Ssang-seok’s home for just half an hour a day.

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